HCG — Published Research

HCG interacts with LHCGR, a member of the glycoprotein hormone receptor subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Receptor activation couples primarily to Gαs, stimulating adenylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cAMP. In cell-based models, cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and upregulates steroidogenic enzyme expression. The LHCGR also signals through Gαq and β-arrestin pathways in certain cellular contexts. For laboratory research use only.

Ascoli M et al. “The LH/CG Receptor, A 2002 Perspective.” Endocr Rev. 2002. PubMed

The LHCGR ectodomain contains leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that form the primary hormone-binding interface. Cryo-EM and crystallographic studies have characterized the structural basis for HCG recognition, revealing that the α-subunit contacts the concave surface of the LRR domain while the β-subunit seatbelt loop wraps around the receptor. These structural studies inform understanding of receptor activation mechanisms and allosteric modulation in glycoprotein hormone signaling research. For laboratory research use only.

Jiang X et al. “Structure of FSH in complex with the entire ectodomain of its receptor.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012. PubMed

Research has examined HCG’s interactions with immune cell populations beyond its classical reproductive endocrine functions. In vitro studies demonstrate HCG receptor expression on dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. HCG has been investigated for its effects on cytokine profiles, with studies examining IL-10, TGF-β, and pro-inflammatory cytokine modulation in immune cell culture models. This research characterizes potential extragonadal effects of glycoprotein hormone signaling in immunological contexts. For laboratory research use only.

Schumacher A. “HCG as a Pivotal Endocrine Immune Regulator Initiating and Preserving Fetal Tolerance.” Front Immunol. 2020. PubMed